language:
- zh
license: cc-by-4.0
tags:
- vulnerability
- cybersecurity
- cnvd
- severity-classification
size_categories:
- 100K-1M
Vulnerability-CNVD
Vulnerability descriptions and severity labels from the China National Vulnerability Database (CNVD), extracted via Vulnerability-Lookup.
Dataset structure
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
id |
string | CNVD identifier (e.g., CNVD-2025-03529) |
title |
string | Vulnerability title in Chinese |
description |
string | Vulnerability description in Chinese |
severity |
string | Severity level: 高 (High), 中 (Medium), or 低 (Low) |
cve_id |
string | Corresponding CVE identifier, if available (empty string if none) |
Severity distribution
The dataset is imbalanced:
| Severity | Chinese | Approximate share |
|---|---|---|
| High | 高 | ~36% |
| Medium | 中 | ~55% |
| Low | 低 | ~9% |
CVE overlap
Approximately 81% of CNVD entries have a corresponding CVE identifier. The overlap rate varies by year:
- 2020-2021: 68-69% CVE mapping rate
- 2022+: 91-97% CVE mapping rate
The ~19% of CNVD-only entries are concentrated in Chinese domestic software (PHP CMS, ERP systems). Western vendors (Adobe, Microsoft, IBM, Cisco) are largely absent from the CNVD-only subset.
Coverage and provenance
CNVD reserves 50,000-100,000 vulnerability IDs per year but publishes full details for only a fraction. The publication rate has declined significantly:
- 2015: ~94% of reserved IDs have published details
- 2023: ~4% of reserved IDs have published details
This decline coincides with China's Regulations on the Management of Security Vulnerabilities (RMSV), effective September 2021.
Entries without a description or severity label are excluded from this dataset.
Duplicate descriptions
CNVD reuses boilerplate descriptions across different vulnerability IDs (product-specific entries sharing the same text). When using this dataset for train/test splits, split on unique description text rather than on IDs to avoid data leakage. See VulnTrain#19 for details.
Source
- Data source: Vulnerability-Lookup API
- Extraction tool: VulnTrain
- Original source: CNVD
Related models
- CIRCL/vulnerability-severity-classification-chinese-macbert-base — severity classifier trained on this dataset
References
- Vulnerability-Lookup — the vulnerability data source
- VulnTrain — training pipeline
- ML-Gateway — inference API
- VLAI paper — Bonhomme, C., Dulaunoy, A. (2025)